ENT (ear, nose & throat surgery)
Otolaryngology is the branch of medicine that specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of ear, nose, throat, and head & neck disorders. The full name of the specialty is otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. Practitioners are called otolaryngologists-head and neck surgeons, or sometimes otorhinolaryngologists (ORL). A commonly used term for this specialty is ENT (ear, nose and throat).
General surgery
General surgery, despite its name, is a surgical specialty that focuses on surgical treatment of abdominal organs, e.g. intestines including esophagus, stomach, colon, liver, gallbladder and bile ducts, often the thyroid gland and hernias.
OB/GYN
Obstetrics and Gynecology (often abbreviated to OB/GYN) are the two surgical specialties that deal specifically with female reproductive organs. This combined disciplines the entire scope of clinical pathology, encompassing both pregnant and non-pregnant patients throughout a woman’s life.
Oculoplastic surgery
Oculoplastic surgery is the cosmetic, corrective, and reconstructive surgery of the eye. It manages and repairs problems primarily related to the tissues or structures surrounding the eye, rather than the eyeball itself. These structures include the eyelids, the tear ducts, and the orbit (bony socket surrounding the eye).
Orthopedic surgery
Orthopedic surgery or orthopedics (also spelled orthopaedics) is the branch of surgery concerned with acute, chronic, traumatic, and overuse injuries and other disorders of the musculoskeletal system. In general, this covers sports medicine procedures, spine and hands. Orthopedic surgeons address most musculoskeletal ailments including arthritis, trauma and congenital deformities using both surgical and non-surgical means.
Pain management
For many years, doctors have been helping to relieve their patients’ pain with a variety of medications and treatments. Like other areas of medicine, a new subset of doctors have become specialists in treating pain. They are focused on managing all types of pain – studying what causes it, how the body reacts to it, how different medications dull or eliminate the pain, and how other treatments can be used to relieve many painful conditions.
Podiatry
Podiatry is the branch of medicine devoted to the study, diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the foot, ankle and lower leg. Surgical podiatry may include any number of procedures, including reconstructive procedures, sports medicine, diabetic limb salvage, and wound care.
Spinal surgery
Cervical spinal surgery addresses those parts of the spine in the neck, including problems with the bones (vertebrae), disks, and nerves.
Urology
Urology is the field of medicine that focuses on the urinary tracts of males and females, and on the reproductive system of males. In men, the urinary system overlaps with the reproductive system, and in women the urinary tract opens into the vulva. In both sexes, the urinary and reproductive tracts are close together, and disorders of one often affect the other. The organs covered by urology include the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, and the male reproductive organs (testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate and penis).
